Toward effective outcomes with individuals, co-parents, and families

Questions Clinicians Should Ask about
 Applying this Clinical Model
- p. 1 of  2

By Peter K. Gerlach, MSW

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  The Web address of this two-page article is http://sfhelp.org/etx/q&a.htm

        Clicking any link in these pages will open an informational popup or new window, so please turn off your browser's popup blocker or accept popups from this nonprofit site.

        This research-based Web site exists to...

  • motivate people to stop the toxic [wounds + unawareness] cycle

  • improve the nurturance level of typical families, and...

  • reduce epidemic American divorce.

        This article is one of a series on effective professional counseling, coaching, and therapy with (a) these families, and with (b) typical survivors of childhood neglect and trauma.

        In these articles, "co-parent" means any part-time or full-time caregiving adult in a divorcing family or stepfamily. The "/" in re/marriage and re/divorce notes it may be a stepparent's first union.  These articles for professionals are under construction.

        Before continuing, pause and reflect - why are you reading this article? What do you need?

Premise: typical coaches, counselors, and clinicians don't know what they need to know about average divorcing-family and stepfamily clients to achieve effective outcomes that last. If you agree, read on. If you don't, take these four quizzes and see what you experience.

        This article offers key questions that I believe typical therapists, counselors, supervisors, consultants, and clinical administrators should ask about the process of working with average divorcing-family and stepfamily clients.

        Links below lead to answers based on 27 years' private-practice experience providing psychotherapy and education to members of over 600 typical courting, re/married, and re/divorced Midwestern Anglo step-families. These questions and answers are also based on seven years' experience on the Board of a large suburban-Chicago public mental-health agency, including a term as president.

Perspective

        Systemic therapy with divorcing-family and stepfamily members is the same as with any client family in some ways, and significantly different in others. Human-service professionals who...

  • are unaware of these differences and what they mean , and who...

  • lack requisite attitudes, knowledge, skills, and resources, risk ineffective outcomes with these complex multi-problem clients.

The worst case occurs when professional unawareness and ineptness lowers the client-family's nurturance level.  

        My experience with many hundreds of average clients and human-service professionals Since 1979 suggests that significant confusion and disagreement over some key terms is common - e.g. terms like mental illness, abuse, problem, change, and family dysfunction.

        Professionals' and clients' satisfaction rise when everyone thinks clearly and "speaks the same language." I invite you to review these definitions before reading further to raise the odds you'll understand what I mean, in what follows.

        Note that the answers below invite you to clarify your current beliefs, rather than preaching what you should believe. You may find that the questions below raise your awareness as much as the answers. Reflect: what needs are you trying to fill by reading this?

        If your true Self is guiding your personality now, you'll get more from studying this article. Option: print these questions and use them as a self-study checklist or an in-service program resource.

Questions Clinicians Should Ask (about working with divorcing-family and stepfamily clients)

        Links below lead to questions and answers on these topics:


Questions About this Clinical Model

Q1)  Why has no one proposed this model before? A) For four reasons.

Q2)  What are the key differences about this model?  A) The unique combination of these five elements.

Q3)  What research supports this model? A)

Q4)  If there are unique professional requisites for using this model effectively, what are they?  A) See this.

Questions about Divorcing Families

Q5) What needs to typical mates seek to fill committing to a primary relationship? A) Some mix of these.

Q6)  If there are core causes for typical psychological and legal re/divorce, what are they?

2)  Why are some people unable to bond or love, and how can I assess for this?

x)  Compared to first-time courtship, what's different about courtship among average divorced or widowed bioparents and prospective stepparents?

x)  How can courting co-parents tell if they're committing to the right people (partner + stepkids + ex mate/s + kin)?

8)  How can courting partners tell if they're co-committing for the right right reasons?

9)  How can courting partners tell if it's the right time to commit?

10)  Does cohabiting before mate-commitment help prevent psychological or legal divorce?

11)  What should officiating clergy and other pre-marital counselors know about the pervasive [wounds + ignorance] cycle in order to help engaged couples make wise commitment decisions?

12)  What (a) is a "relationship problem," and (b) what communication and problem-solving basics and skills do typical mates need in order to resolve their marital problems effectively?

13)  What are the most common communication blocks? What can average couples do to reduce or avoid them to resolve their relationship problems? What's likely to hinder them from doing so?

14)  What are the most common presenting (surface) problems with stepfamily clients, and what are the common primary needs that cause them?

15)  What is divorce, and when does it "start" and "end"?  

16)  What divorce-prevention resources does this site offer? Answer:

  • This series of prevention articles for lay people and professionals;

  • These educational slide presentations, and this related 8-module re/marriage-preparation course for couples and groups;

  • This Q&A series on stepfamily courtship and related topics;

  • The co-parent Project-7 collection of articles and worksheets, including courtship danger signs,

  • These related guidebooks, which integrate the key articles and tools in this non-profit site, and...

  • This set of collected resources for co-parents and their supporters.

Question index


Questions about Professional Qualifications for working with these clients

        Premise: for effective interventions with typical divorced-family and stepfamily clients, clinicians and other family-support professionals need special (a) traits, (b) attitudes, (c) knowledge, (d) skills, (e) resources, and (f) informed support.

17) (a) What is a "true Self," and how can I tell if I'm guided by mine? If I'm not, (b) what are the personal and professional implications, and (c) what are my options? My life experience suggests this is the most fundamental requirement to provide effective human service to anyone.

18)  What special traits and attitudes (values, biases, beliefs) do I need in order to work effectively with typical divorcing families and stepfamilies?

19)  What special knowledge do I need to work effectively with stepfamilies?

20)  What special skills do I need for effective assessment and interventions with divorced-family and stepfamily clients?

21)  What other special resources do I need for effective service to these clients?

22)  How can I judge if my supervisor, case manager, and/or consultants (a) are guided by their true Selves, (b) know enough about effective clinical work with divorced-family and stepfamily clients, and (c) have requisite attitudes about (a) therapy and (b) these clients? (d) What are my options if they don't have these requisites - i.e. if they're too wounded and unaware?  

23)  Why should I care about the nurturance level of my organization, and how can I evaluate it?

Question index


Questions About Typical Stepfamily Clients

        Premise: typical divorcing families and stepfamilies are like intact biofamilies in some ways, and very different from them in others. The more you're aware of the similarities and differences, the more effective you can be long-term with divorced-family and stepfamily clients.

        Key questions clinicians should ask and answer:

24)  What is a "stepfamily client"?

25)    What do typical co-parents and supporters need to know about stepfamilies, re/marital hazards and protections, and effective stepparenting?

26)  How do average stepfamilies differ from typical intact biofamilies structurally and dynamically?

27)  What do these differences usually mean to co-parents, kids, and society?

28)  Why is it vital that all stepfamily adults and their supporters accept their identity?

29)  What is a (step)family mission (vision) statement, and why is evolving one essential for average multi-home stepfamilies?

30)  What common misconceptions do average stepfamily adults have about their roles and relationships, and what are the (usual) realities?

31)  What do I need to know about typical adult and minor stepkids?

32)  What are the key differences between stepparenting and bioparenting?

33)  What is effective child discipline, and what's unique about discipline in average stepfamilies?

34)  What are the most common barriers to effective co-parenting teamwork among stepparents and divorced bioparents, and how can I best help clients understand and reduce them?

35)  What do I need to know about what typical stepfamily co-grandparents' need?

36)  How does the typical stepfamily development cycle compare to the cycle of average intact biofamilies, and why are the differences between them important?

37)  (a) What are the most common presenting problems (symptoms) with typical stepfamily clients, (b) what causes them, and (c) how can I help co-parents avoid or reduce them?

38)  Why is it commonly estimated that average American stepfamilies are at higher risk of psychological and legal re/divorce than first-marriage biofamilies?

  See also the "stepfamily," stepchild," and "co-parent" questions here.

Question index 

More questions clinicians should ask...

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Updated  October 05, 2008